According to Alfred H. Free and Helen M. Free’s (1975) Urinalysis in Clinical Laboratory Practice, urine consists of 95% water, and the remaining 5% is a mixture of numerous healthy and useful nutrients, including urea (2.5%), and other minerals, salts, hormones and enzymes (2.5%), e.g., Alanine, Arginine, Ascorbic acid, Allantoin, Amino acids, Bicarbonate, Biotin, Calcium, Creatinine, Cystine, DHEA, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Folic acid, Glucose, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Inositol, Iodine, Iron, Lysine, Magnesium, Manganese, Melatonin, Methionine, Nitrogen, Ornithane, Pantothenic acid, Phenylalaline, Phosphorus, Potassium, Proteins, Riboflavin, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Zinc.
Also, based on Li Shizhen’s (1596) Compendium of Materia Medica, the bladder is a reservoir of bodily fluids. All the water one drinks goes into the bladder. When it goes upward through Qi-transformation, it becomes saliva; when it goes downward, it becomes urine.
According to Campbell M. Gold’s (2009) Urine Therapy, “stories have been told of individuals who have both lived and died by being trapped in places without food and water for days. Those that survived did so because they drank their own urine, those that perished did not. The ones that died probably could not overcome the mis-informed thoughts that urine is a waste product of the body. It’s not. It’s just a substance the body secretes that contains elements not needed at the time.”
Thus, urine is no dirty waste but good for health in general and for survival in an emergency.
Article link: https://www.hongkongurinetherapy.com/how-can-drinking-your-urine-in-a-survival-situation-save-you-if-your-body-has-already-discarded-it-as-waste-by-dr-chapman-chen/ !